Kazakhstan
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Introduction - Kazakhstan: | Country | Kazakhstan | | Background | Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural Virgin Lands program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstans northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstans economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states combined, largely due to the countrys vast natural resources and a recent history of political stability. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the countrys vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth; diversifying the economy outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; enhancing Kazakhstans competitiveness; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers. | |
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This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007 Source: CIA >>> |