| Introduction - Kazakhstan: |
| Location - Kazakhstan: |
| People - Kazakhstan: |
| Government - Kazakhstan: |
| Economy - Kazakhstan: |
Economy overview | Kazakhstan, the largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves and plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. Kazakhstans industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a growing machine-building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse in demand for Kazakhstans traditional heavy industry products resulted in a short-term contraction of the economy, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97, the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - 8% or more per year in 2002-06 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment. The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstans Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. Kazakhstan in 2006 completed the Atasu-Alashankou portion of an oil pipeline to China that is planned to extend from the countrys Caspian coast eastward to the Chinese border in future construction. The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector by developing light industry. The policy aims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel. The government has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil companies over the terms of production agreements; tensions continue. Upward pressure on the local currency continued in 2006 due to massive oil-related foreign-exchange inflows. Aided by strong growth and foreign exchange earnings, Kazakhstan aspires to become a regional financial center and has created a banking system comparable to those in Central Europe. |
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Gdp purchasing power parity | $143.1 billion (2006 est.) |
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Gdp official exchange rate | $53.6 billion (2006 est.) |
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Gdp real growth rate | 10.6% (2006 est.) |
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Gdp per capita ppp | $9,400 (2006 est.) |
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Gdp composition by sector | agriculture: 6.3%
industry: 41.1%
services: 52.7% (2006 est.) |
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Labor force | 7.834 million (2006 est.) |
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Labor force by occupation | agriculture: 20%
industry: 30%
services: 50% (2002 est.) |
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Unemployment rate | 7.4% (2006 est.) |
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Population below poverty line | 19% (2004 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 26.5% (2004 est.) |
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Distribution of family income gini index | 31.5 (2003) |
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Inflation rate consumer prices | 8.6% (2006 est.) |
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Investment gross fixed | 27% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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Budget | revenues: $18.48 billion
expenditures: $18.09 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.) |
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Public debt | 11% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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Agriculture products | grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock |
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Industries | oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials |
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Industrial production growth rate | 7.7% (2006 est.) |
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Electricity production | 66.5 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
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Electricity consumption | 59.2 billion kWh (2006 est.) |
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Electricity exports | 4.9 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity imports | 4.37 billion kWh (2004) |
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Oil production | 1.3 million bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil consumption | 222,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil exports | 1 million bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil imports | 113,600 bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil proved reserves | 9 billion bbl (1 January 2005) |
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Natural gas production | 20.49 billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas consumption | 15.75 billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas exports | 7.01 billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas imports | 2.27 billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas proved reserves | 1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2005 est.) |
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Current account balance | $133 million (2006 est.) |
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Exports | $35.55 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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Exports commodities | oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001) |
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Exports partners | Germany 12.4%, Russia 11.6%, China 10.9%, Italy 10.5%, France 7.4%, Romania 4.9% (2006) |
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Imports | $22 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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Imports commodities | machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001) |
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Imports partners | Russia 36.8%, China 19.5%, Germany 7.4% (2006) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | $15.26 billion (2006 est.) |
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Debt external | $53.89 billion (30 June 2006 est.) |
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Economic aid recipient | $74.2 million (FY04) |
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Currency code | tenge (KZT) |
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Exchange rates | tenge per US dollar - 126.09 (2006), 132.88 (2005), 136.04 (2004), 149.58 (2003), 153.28 (2002) |
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| Communications - Kazakhstan: |
| Transportation - Kazakhstan: |
| Military - Kazakhstan: |
This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007
