Denmark

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Introduction - Denmark:
Country	Denmark


Background	Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Unions Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.


Location - Denmark:
Location	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)

Geographic coordinates	56 00 N, 10 00 E

Map references	Europe

Area	total: 43,094 sq km land: 42,394 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

Area comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts

Land boundaries	total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km

Coastline	7,314 km

Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate	temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

Terrain	low and flat to gently rolling plains

Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m

Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand

Land use	arable land: 52.59% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 47.22% (2005)

Irrigated land	4,490 sq km (2003)

Natural hazards	flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes

Environment current issues	air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides

Environment international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography note	controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen

People - Denmark:
Population	5,468,120 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure	0-14 years: 18.6% (male 520,669/female 494,228) 15-64 years: 66% (male 1,817,757/female 1,792,974) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 363,828/female 478,664) (2007 est.)

Median age	total: 40.1 years male: 39.2 years female: 40.9 years (2007 est.)

Population growth rate	0.311% (2007 est.)

Birth rate	10.91 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate	10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate	2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.053 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.014 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.977 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate	total: 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.49 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.96 years male: 75.65 years female: 80.41 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate	1.74 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Hiv aids adult prevalence rate	0.2% (2003 est.)

Hiv aids people living with hiv aids	5,000 (2003 est.)

Hiv aids deaths	less than 100 (2003 est.)

Nationality	noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish

Ethnic groups	Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali

Religions	Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%

Languages	Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language

Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

Government - Denmark:
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark

Government type	constitutional monarchy

Capital	name: Copenhagen geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions	metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden, Midtjylland, Nordjylland, Sjaelland, Syddanmark note: an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions, effective 1 January 2007

Independence	first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

National holiday	none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day

Constitution	5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state

Legal system	civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage	18 years of age; universal

Executive branch	chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968) head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001) cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

Legislative branch	unicameral Peoples Assembly or Folketinget (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 29%, Social Democrats 25.9%, Danish Peoples Party 13.2%, Conservative Party 10.3%, Social Liberal Party 9.2%, Socialist Peoples Party 6%, Unity List 3.4%, other 3%; seats by party - Liberal Party 52, Social Democrats 47, Danish Peoples Party 24, Conservative Party 18, Social Liberal Party 17, Socialist Peoples Party 11, Unity List 6; note - does not include the two seats from Greenland and the two seats from the Faroe Islands

Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Political parties and leaders	Christian Democrats [Bodil KORNBEK] (was Christian Peoples Party); Conservative Party [Bendt BENDTSEN] (sometimes known as Conservative Peoples Party); Danish Peoples Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Red-Green Unity List [collective leadership] (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers Party); Social Democratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party [Marianne JELVED]; Socialist Peoples Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]

Political pressure groups and leaders	NA

International organization participation	AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in the us	chief of mission: Ambassador Friis Arne PETERSEN chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300 FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York

Diplomatic representation from the us	chief of mission: Ambassador James P. CAIN embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen mailing address: PSC 73, APO AE 09716 telephone: [45] 33 41 71 00 FAX: [45] 35 43 02 23

Flag description	red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Economy - Denmark:
Economy overview	The Danish economy has in recent years undergone strong expansion fueled primarily by private consumption growth, but also supported by exports and investments. This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Unemployment is low and capacity constraints are limiting growth potential. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join 12 other EU members in the euro. Nonetheless, the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro. Economic growth gained momentum in 2004 and the upturn continued through 2006. The controversy over caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad printed in a Danish newspaper in September 2005 led to boycotts of some Danish exports to the Muslim world, especially exports of dairy products, but the boycotts did not have a significant impact on the overall Danish economy. Because of high GDP per capita, welfare benefits, a low Gini index, and political stability, the Danish living standards are among the highest in the world. A major long-term issue will be the sharp decline in the ratio of workers to retirees.

Gdp purchasing power parity	$201.5 billion (2006 est.)

Gdp official exchange rate	$257.3 billion (2006 est.)

Gdp real growth rate	3.2% (2006 est.)

Gdp per capita ppp	$37,000 (2006 est.)

Gdp composition by sector	agriculture: 1.4% industry: 24.6% services: 74% (2006 est.)

Labor force	2.91 million (2006 est.)

Labor force by occupation	agriculture: 3% industry: 21% services: 76% (2004 est.)

Unemployment rate	3.8% (2006 est.)

Population below poverty line	NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index	23.2 (2002)

Inflation rate consumer prices	1.8% (2006 est.)

Investment gross fixed	22.2% of GDP (2006 est.)

Budget	revenues: $147 billion expenditures: $138.9 billion; including capital expenditures of $4.6 billion (2006 est.)

Public debt	28.1% of GDP (2006 est.)

Agriculture products	barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish

Industries	iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment

Industrial production growth rate	2.5% (2006 est.)

Electricity production	43.35 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity consumption	36.41 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity exports	13.72 billion kWh (2006)

Electricity imports	6.77 billion kWh (2006)

Oil production	342,000 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil consumption	171,000 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil exports	320,000 bbl/day (2006)

Oil imports	164,000 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil proved reserves	1.32 billion bbl (1 January 2005 est.)

Natural gas production	9.87 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas consumption	4.824 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas exports	4.964 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas imports	0 cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas proved reserves	99.99 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Current account balance	$4.941 billion (2006 est.)

Exports	$93.93 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports commodities	machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills

Exports partners	Germany 17.4%, Sweden 14.2%, UK 8.9%, US 6.2%, Norway 5.4%, Netherlands 5.1%, France 4.9% (2006)

Imports	$89.32 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports commodities	machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods

Imports partners	Germany 21.3%, Sweden 14.2%, Norway 6.5%, Netherlands 6.2%, UK 5.6%, China 5%, France 4.4% (2006)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$30.38 billion (August 2006 est.)

Economic aid donor	ODA, $2.13 billion (2005)

Debt external	$405 billion (30 June 2006)

Currency code	Danish krone (DKK)

Exchange rates	Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002)

Communications - Denmark:
Fiscal year	calendar year

Telephones main lines in use	3.098 million (2006)

Telephones mobile cellular	5.841 million (2006)

Telephone system	general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems international: country code - 45; 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)

Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations	26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)

Internet country code	.dk

Internet hosts	2.416 million (2006)

Internet users	3.171 million (2006)

Transportation - Denmark:
Airports	92 (2006)

Airports with paved runways	total: 28 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 3 (2006)

Airports with unpaved runways	total: 64 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 61 (2006)

Pipelines	condensate 12 km; gas 3,931 km; oil 626 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2006)

Railways	total: 2,839 km standard gauge: 2,839 km 1.435-m gauge (601 km electrified) (2006)

Roadways	total: 72,257 km paved: 72,257 km (includes 1,032 km of expressways) (2005)

Waterways	400 km (2007)

Merchant marine	total: 293 ships (1000 GRT or over) 7,986,735 GRT/9,936,431 DWT by type: bulk carrier 7, cargo 63, chemical tanker 48, container 86, liquefied gas 4, livestock carrier 2, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 40, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: 25 (Canada 1, Germany 13, Greece 5, Greenland 1, Norway 3, Sweden 1, UK 1) registered in other countries: 409 (Antigua and Barbuda 14, Bahamas 59, Belgium 4, Cayman Islands 5, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Estonia 2, France 1, French Southern and Antarctic Lands 2, Gibraltar 1, Hong Kong 6, Isle of Man 53, North Korea 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 10, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 1, Mexico 2, Netherlands 9, Netherlands Antilles 1, Norway 32, Panama 34, Portugal 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 14, Singapore 52, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Sweden 4, UK 46, US 24, Vanuatu 6, Venezuela 3, Vietnam 1) (2006)

Ports and terminals	Aalborg, Aarhus, Asnaesvaerkets, Copenhagen, Elsinore, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Kalundborg, Odense, Roenne

Military - Denmark:
Military branches	Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet, Island Command Greenland, Tactical Air Command (2006)

Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2004)

Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 1,175,108 females age 18-49: 1,150,627 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 955,168 females age 18-49: 935,643 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 31,317 females age 18-49: 29,558 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures percent of gdp	1.5% (2006; 1.28% 2007 est.; 1.24% 2008 projected)