Turkmenistan
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Introduction - Turkmenistan: | Location - Turkmenistan: | Location | Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan | | Geographic coordinates | 40 00 N, 60 00 E | | Map references | Asia | | Area | total: 488,100 sq km
land: 488,100 sq km
water: NEGL | | Area comparative | slightly larger than California | | Land boundaries | total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km | | Coastline | 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) | | Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | | Climate | subtropical desert | | Terrain | flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)
highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m | | Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt | | Land use | arable land: 4.51%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 95.35% (2005) | | Irrigated land | 18,000 sq km (2003) | | Natural hazards | NA | | Environment current issues | contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that rivers inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification | | Environment international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Geography note | landlocked; the western and central low-lying desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau | |
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This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007 Source: CIA >>> |