Egypt

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Introduction - Egypt:
Location - Egypt:
People - Egypt:
Government - Egypt:
Economy - Egypt:
Communications - Egypt:
Transportation - Egypt:
Military - Egypt:
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command

Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for conscript military service; service obligation 12-36 months followed by a 9-year reserve obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 18,347,560 females age 18-49: 17,683,904 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 15,540,234 females age 18-49: 14,939,378 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 802,920 females age 18-49: 764,176 (2005 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 60,000 - 80,000 (Iraq), 70,255 (Palestinian Territories), 13,446 (Sudan) (2006)

Military expenditures percent of gdp	3.4% (2005 est.)

Trafficking in persons	current situation: Egypt is a transit country for women trafficked from Eastern Europe to Israel for the purpose of sexual exploitation; these women generally arrive as tourists and are subsequently trafficked through the Sinai Desert by Bedouin tribes; men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are believed to be trafficked through the Sinai Desert to Israel and Europe for labor exploitation; some Egyptian children from rural areas are trafficked within the country to work as domestic servants or laborers in the agriculture industry tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Egypt is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to address trafficking over the past year, particularly in the area of law enforcement

Disputes international	while Sudan retains claim to the Halaib Triangle north of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, both states withdrew their military presence in the 1990s and Egypt has invested in and effectively administers the area; Egypt vigilantly monitors the Sinai and borders with Israel and the Gaza Strip to deter terrorist, smuggling, and other illegal activities; Egypt does not extend domestic asylum to some 70,000 persons who identify themselves as Palestinians but who largely lack UNRWA assistance and, until recently, UNHCR recognition as refugees