Uganda

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Introduction - Uganda:
Country	Uganda
Background	The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
Location - Uganda:
Location	Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates	1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references	Africa
Area	total: 236,040 sq km land: 199,710 sq km water: 36,330 sq km
Area comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries	total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Climate	tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain	mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Natural resources	copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Land use	arable land: 21.57% permanent crops: 8.92% other: 69.51% (2005)
Irrigated land	90 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards	NA
Environment current issues	draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching
Environment international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography note	landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers
People - Uganda:
Population	30,262,610 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Age structure	0-14 years: 50.2% (male 7,646,619/female 7,538,137) 15-64 years: 47.6% (male 7,231,196/female 7,185,058) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 281,317/female 380,283) (2007 est.)
Median age	total: 14.9 years male: 14.8 years female: 15 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate	3.572% (2007 est.)
Birth rate	48.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate	12.64 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate	0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.014 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.006 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.004 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate	total: 67.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 70.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 51.75 years male: 50.78 years female: 52.73 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate	6.84 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Hiv aids adult prevalence rate	4.1% (2003 est.)
Hiv aids people living with hiv aids	530,000 (2001 est.)
Hiv aids deaths	78,000 (2003 est.)
Nationality	noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan
Major infectious diseases	degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2007)
Ethnic groups	Baganda 16.9%, Banyakole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)
Religions	Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)
Languages	English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 66.8% male: 76.8% female: 57.7% (2002 census)
Government - Uganda:
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda
Government type	republic
Capital	name: Kampala geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 25 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions	56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe note: as of a July 2005, 13 new districts were reportedly added bringing the total up to 69; the new districts are Amolatar, Amuria, Budaka, Butaleja, Ibanda, Kaabong, Kabingo, Kaliro, Kiruhura, Koboko, Manafwa, Mityana, Nakaseke; a total of ten more districts are in the process of being added
Independence	9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday	Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution	8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system
Legal system	in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Executive branch	chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 59.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 37.4%, other 3.3%
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (332 seats; 215 members elected by popular vote, 104 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 79, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 13 ex officio members; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 191, FDC 37, UPC 9, DP 8, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 36, other 49
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Political parties and leaders	Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or DP [Kizito SSEBAANA]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Kizza BESIGYE]; Justice Forum or JEEMA [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]; National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Ugandan Peoples Congress or UPC [Miria OBOTE] note: a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Ugandas transition to a multi-party political system
Political pressure groups and leaders	Popular Resistance Against a Life President or PRALP
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the us	chief of mission: Ambassador Perezi Karukubiro KAMUNANWIRE chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727
Diplomatic representation from the us	chief of mission: Ambassador Steven BROWNING embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 234-142 FAX: [256] (41) 258-451
Flag description	six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
Economy - Uganda:
Economy overview	Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001-02 was solid, despite continued decline in the price of coffee, Ugandas principal export. Growth in 2003-06 reflected an upturn in Ugandas export markets.
Gdp purchasing power parity	$52.93 billion (2006 est.)
Gdp official exchange rate	$8.526 billion (2006 est.)
Gdp real growth rate	5.3% (2006 est.)
Gdp per capita ppp	$1,900 (2006 est.)
Gdp composition by sector	agriculture: 29.4% industry: 22.1% services: 48.5% (2006 est.)
Labor force	13.76 million (2006 est.)
Labor force by occupation	agriculture: 82% industry: 5% services: 13% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%
Population below poverty line	35% (2001 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 21% (2000)
Distribution of family income gini index	43 (1999)
Inflation rate consumer prices	6% (2006 est.)
Investment gross fixed	23.5% of GDP (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.943 billion expenditures: $1.994 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)
Public debt	29.3% of GDP (2006 est.)
Agriculture products	coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry
Industries	sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production
Industrial production growth rate	5.2% (2006 est.)
Electricity production	1.894 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity consumption	1.596 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity exports	165 million kWh (2004)
Electricity imports	0 kWh (2004)
Oil production	0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil consumption	10,890 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil exports	NA bbl/day
Oil imports	NA bbl/day
Oil proved reserves	0 bbl
Natural gas production	0 cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas consumption	0 cu m (2004 est.)
Current account balance	-$423 million (2006 est.)
Exports	$961.7 million f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Exports commodities	coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold
Exports partners	Belgium 9.8%, Netherlands 9.2%, France 7.8%, Germany 7.5%, Rwanda 5.5%, Sudan 4.7% (2006)
Imports	$1.945 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Imports commodities	capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Imports partners	Kenya 34.6%, UAE 8.7%, China 7.2%, India 5.6%, South Africa 5.5%, Japan 4.3% (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$1.4 billion (2006 est.)
Debt external	$1.456 billion (2006 est.)
Economic aid recipient	$959 million (2003)
Currency code	Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Exchange rates	Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,834.9 (2006), 1,780.7 (2005), 1,810.3 (2004), 1,963.7 (2003), 1,797.6 (2002)
Communications - Uganda:
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June
Telephones main lines in use	108,100 (2006)
Telephones mobile cellular	2.009 million (2006)
Telephone system	general assessment: seriously inadequate; 2 cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short-range traffic international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Radio broadcast stations	AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	8 (plus 1 repeater) (2001)
Internet country code	.ug
Internet hosts	1,365 (2006)
Internet users	750,000 (2006)
Transportation - Uganda:
Airports	31 (2006)
Airports with paved runways	total: 5 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports with unpaved runways	total: 26 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 8 (2006)
Railways	total: 1,244 km narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Roadways	total: 70,746 km paved: 16,272 km unpaved: 54,474 km (2003)
Waterways	on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile (2005)
Ports and terminals	Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Military - Uganda:
Military branches	Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF): Army (includes Marine Unit), Air Force (2007)
Military service age and obligation	18-26 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that recruitment below 18 years of age could occur with proper consent and that no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces (2007)
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 5,012,620 females age 18-49: 4,855,858 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 2,889,808 females age 18-49: 2,780,135 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures percent of gdp	2.2% (2006)
Disputes international	Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Uganda hosts 209,860 Sudanese, 27,560 Congolese, and 19,710 Rwandan refugees, while Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congos Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border